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The first output of this paper is an explanation of the equality of proton-electron charges.
Tangour proposes a hypothesis of co-creation of quarks and leptons, in which the opposite charges of the proton and electron are the result of a quantum symmetry principle at the origin of matter. This approach offers a conceptual alternative to GUTs, by directly linking the quantization of charge to the very genesis of elementary particles.

Summary of the paper

Two main postulates are proposed to explain enigmatic phenomena:

o Postulate 1: The Hidden Particle H

The quantum vacuum can be divided, confining particles to a portion H. H is a reservoir of energy continuously interacting with the vacuum and matter.

o Postulate 2: Units of Electric Charge and Spin.

Electric charge is quantized as a unit of charge (e.u.) of e/3.The electron is composed of quasiparticles separating charge and spin.

A new notation is introduced to differentiate between materialized particles and those expected in the quantum vacuum.

Applications: Formation of Material Particles

• Electrical neutrality is preserved by the simultaneous formation of leptons and quarks.

• β radioactivity: The vacuum provides the particle pairs needed to satisfy conservation laws.

• The Kaon: The K+ kaon has several decay modes, each using different combinations of quarks.