Applications of the GPT

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Let us consider the example of box (4,0) in the hybridization table. All chemical elements represented in this box are tetravalent and exhibit electronic configurations of the type ns²np², ns²(n–1)d², or ns²(n–2)f². These configurations correspond to sp³, sd³, or sf³ hybridization when all bonds are single. Representative examples include CH₄ (methane), TiF₄ (titanium tetrafluoride), and ThI₄ (thorium tetraiodide), all of which occupy the same box in the GPT .

The use of the hybridization table is closely linked to the valence table of the central atom, since both are derived from the same GPT box. For example, consider SF₄ (sulfur tetrafluoride). In this molecule, sulfur has a valence of 4 and belongs to column A of box (4,1). By consulting column A of this box in the hybridization table, we find that the sulfur atom adopts sp³d hybridization, involving one s orbital, three p orbitals, and one d orbital in the formation of the hybrid orbitals.

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